Some Interesting organic brain syndrome images:

Enjoying her swing (Education Read West Syndrome – Infantile Spasms)

Image by Photography By Shaeree
Paige was diagnosed with West syndrome or West’s Syndrome (September 2010) it is an uncommon to rare epileptic disorder in infants.

The syndrome is age-related, generally occurring between the third and the twelfth month, generally manifesting around the fifth month. There are various causes ("polyetiology"). The syndrome is often caused by an organic brain dysfunction whose origins may be prenatal, perinatal (caused during birth) or postnatal.

It is either Cryptogenic or Idiopathic.

Cryptogenic

When a direct cause cannot be determined but the child has other neurological disorder, the case is referred to as cryptogenic West syndrome, where an underlying cause is most likely but, even with modern means, cannot be detected. Currently the cryptogenic group is often combined with idiopathic while referred to as "cryptogenic".

Sometimes multiple children within the same family develop West syndrome. In this case it is also referred to as cryptogenic, in which genetic and sometimes hereditary influences play a role. There are known cases in which West syndrome appears in successive generations in boys; this has to do with X-chromosomal heredity.
[edit] Idiopathic

Occasionally the syndrome is referred to as idiopathic West syndrome, when a cause cannot be determined. Important diagnostic criteria are:

Regular development until the onset of the attacks or before the beginning of the therapy no pathological findings in neurological or neuroradiological studies no evidence of a trigger for the spasms

Those are becoming rare due to modern medicine.

Clinical presentation

The epileptic seizures which can be observed in infants with West syndrome fall into three categories, collectively known as infantile spasms. Typically, the following triad of attack types appears; while the three types usually appear simultaneously, they also can occur independently of each other:

Lightning attacks: Sudden, severe myoclonic convulsions of the entire body or several parts of the body in split seconds, and the legs in particular are bent (flexor muscle convulsions here are generally more severe than extensor ones).

Nodding attacks: Convulsions of the throat and neck flexor muscles, during which the chin is fitfully jerked towards the breast or the head is drawn inward.

Salaam or jackknife attacks: a flexor spasm with rapid bending of the head and torso forward and simultaneous raising and bending of the arms while partially drawing the hands together in front of the chest and/or flailing. If one imagined this act in slow motion, it would appear similar to the oriental ceremonial greeting (Salaam), from which this type of attack derives its name.

Paige was first put on Vigabatrin which she outgrew a month later. She was admitted again into Kingston General Hospital to begin a treatment called ACTH.

Therapy

Compared with other forms of epilepsy, West syndrome is difficult to treat. To raise the chance of successful treatment and keep down the risk of longer-lasting effects, it is very important that the condition is diagnosed as early as possible and that treatment begins straight away. However, there is no guarantee that therapy will work even in this case.

Insufficient research has yet been carried out into whether the form of treatment has an effect upon the long-term prognosis. Based on what is known today, the prognosis depends mainly on the cause of the attacks and the length of time that hypsarrhythmia lasts. In general it can be said that the prognosis is worse when the patient does not react as well to therapy and the epileptic over-activity in the brain continues. Treatment differs in each individual case and depends on the cause of the West syndrome (etiological classification) and the state of brain development at the time of the damage.

Due to their side-effects, two drugs are currently being used as the first-line treatment: ACTH and Vigabatrin.
[edit] ACTH

ACTH – Use primarily in United States
Side effects are: Weight gain, especially in the trunk and face, hypertension, metabolic abnormalities, severe irritability, osteoporosis, sepsis, and congestive heart failure.

[edit] Vigabatrin

Vigabatrin (Sabril) – Approved in several countries, including most of Europe, Canada, Mexico, and more recently the United States.
Side effects are: Somnolence, headache, dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, decreased vision or other vision changes

Vigabatrin is known for being effective, especially in children with tuberous sclerosis, with few and benign side effects. But due to some recent studies[4] showing visual field constriction (loss of peripheral vision), it was not approved in the United States until mid-2009. It is currently debated that a short use (6 months or less) of Vigabatrin will not affect vision. Also, considering the effect of frequent seizures on day to day life and mental development, some parents prefer to take the risk of some vision loss.

Other

When those two are proving ineffective, other drugs may be used in conjunction or alone. From those, corticosteroids (prednisone) are often used. In Japan, there is a good experience with pyridoxine therapy. Further, topiramate (Topamax), lamotrigine (Lamictal), levetiracetam (Keppra) and zonisamide (Zonegran) are amongst those drugs most widely used.

The ketogenic diet has been shown to be effective in treating infantile spams,[5] up to 70% of children having a 50% or more reduction in seizure.

You can read more on Infantile Spasms by going to : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_syndrome

You can also view my youtube channel:
www.youtube.com/user/Shaeree624

I have uploaded videos for those who wonder what the Syndrome is and looks like.

I posted pictures of my beautiful baby girl because people need to understand being chubby or overweight may not always be caused by overfeeding. My daughters was caused by the ACTH treatment which is a steroid.

Sisterly Love – Even When Her Sister was sick her big sister was right there.

Image by Photography By Shaeree
Paige was diagnosed with West syndrome or West’s Syndrome (September 2010) it is an uncommon to rare epileptic disorder in infants.

The syndrome is age-related, generally occurring between the third and the twelfth month, generally manifesting around the fifth month. There are various causes ("polyetiology"). The syndrome is often caused by an organic brain dysfunction whose origins may be prenatal, perinatal (caused during birth) or postnatal.

It is either Cryptogenic or Idiopathic.

Cryptogenic

When a direct cause cannot be determined but the child has other neurological disorder, the case is referred to as cryptogenic West syndrome, where an underlying cause is most likely but, even with modern means, cannot be detected. Currently the cryptogenic group is often combined with idiopathic while referred to as "cryptogenic".

Sometimes multiple children within the same family develop West syndrome. In this case it is also referred to as cryptogenic, in which genetic and sometimes hereditary influences play a role. There are known cases in which West syndrome appears in successive generations in boys; this has to do with X-chromosomal heredity.
[edit] Idiopathic

Occasionally the syndrome is referred to as idiopathic West syndrome, when a cause cannot be determined. Important diagnostic criteria are:

Regular development until the onset of the attacks or before the beginning of the therapy no pathological findings in neurological or neuroradiological studies no evidence of a trigger for the spasms

Those are becoming rare due to modern medicine.

Clinical presentation

The epileptic seizures which can be observed in infants with West syndrome fall into three categories, collectively known as infantile spasms. Typically, the following triad of attack types appears; while the three types usually appear simultaneously, they also can occur independently of each other:

Lightning attacks: Sudden, severe myoclonic convulsions of the entire body or several parts of the body in split seconds, and the legs in particular are bent (flexor muscle convulsions here are generally more severe than extensor ones).

Nodding attacks: Convulsions of the throat and neck flexor muscles, during which the chin is fitfully jerked towards the breast or the head is drawn inward.

Salaam or jackknife attacks: a flexor spasm with rapid bending of the head and torso forward and simultaneous raising and bending of the arms while partially drawing the hands together in front of the chest and/or flailing. If one imagined this act in slow motion, it would appear similar to the oriental ceremonial greeting (Salaam), from which this type of attack derives its name.

Paige was first put on Vigabatrin which she outgrew a month later. She was admitted again into Kingston General Hospital to begin a treatment called ACTH.

Therapy

Compared with other forms of epilepsy, West syndrome is difficult to treat. To raise the chance of successful treatment and keep down the risk of longer-lasting effects, it is very important that the condition is diagnosed as early as possible and that treatment begins straight away. However, there is no guarantee that therapy will work even in this case.

Insufficient research has yet been carried out into whether the form of treatment has an effect upon the long-term prognosis. Based on what is known today, the prognosis depends mainly on the cause of the attacks and the length of time that hypsarrhythmia lasts. In general it can be said that the prognosis is worse when the patient does not react as well to therapy and the epileptic over-activity in the brain continues. Treatment differs in each individual case and depends on the cause of the West syndrome (etiological classification) and the state of brain development at the time of the damage.

Due to their side-effects, two drugs are currently being used as the first-line treatment: ACTH and Vigabatrin.
[edit] ACTH

ACTH – Use primarily in United States
Side effects are: Weight gain, especially in the trunk and face, hypertension, metabolic abnormalities, severe irritability, osteoporosis, sepsis, and congestive heart failure.

[edit] Vigabatrin

Vigabatrin (Sabril) – Approved in several countries, including most of Europe, Canada, Mexico, and more recently the United States.
Side effects are: Somnolence, headache, dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, decreased vision or other vision changes

Vigabatrin is known for being effective, especially in children with tuberous sclerosis, with few and benign side effects. But due to some recent studies[4] showing visual field constriction (loss of peripheral vision), it was not approved in the United States until mid-2009. It is currently debated that a short use (6 months or less) of Vigabatrin will not affect vision. Also, considering the effect of frequent seizures on day to day life and mental development, some parents prefer to take the risk of some vision loss.

Other

When those two are proving ineffective, other drugs may be used in conjunction or alone. From those, corticosteroids (prednisone) are often used. In Japan, there is a good experience with pyridoxine therapy. Further, topiramate (Topamax), lamotrigine (Lamictal), levetiracetam (Keppra) and zonisamide (Zonegran) are amongst those drugs most widely used.

The ketogenic diet has been shown to be effective in treating infantile spams,[5] up to 70% of children having a 50% or more reduction in seizure.

You can read more on Infantile Spasms by going to : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_syndrome

You can also view my youtube channel:
www.youtube.com/user/Shaeree624

I have uploaded videos for those who wonder what the Syndrome is and looks like.

I posted pictures of my beautiful baby girl because people need to understand being chubby or overweight may not always be caused by overfeeding. My daughters was caused by the ACTH treatment which is a steroid.

Enjoying My Rocking Chair (Educational Read)

Image by Photography By Shaeree
Paige was diagnosed with West syndrome or West’s Syndrome (September 2010) it is an uncommon to rare epileptic disorder in infants.

The syndrome is age-related, generally occurring between the third and the twelfth month, generally manifesting around the fifth month. There are various causes ("polyetiology"). The syndrome is often caused by an organic brain dysfunction whose origins may be prenatal, perinatal (caused during birth) or postnatal.

It is either Cryptogenic or Idiopathic.

Cryptogenic

When a direct cause cannot be determined but the child has other neurological disorder, the case is referred to as cryptogenic West syndrome, where an underlying cause is most likely but, even with modern means, cannot be detected. Currently the cryptogenic group is often combined with idiopathic while referred to as "cryptogenic".

Sometimes multiple children within the same family develop West syndrome. In this case it is also referred to as cryptogenic, in which genetic and sometimes hereditary influences play a role. There are known cases in which West syndrome appears in successive generations in boys; this has to do with X-chromosomal heredity.
[edit] Idiopathic

Occasionally the syndrome is referred to as idiopathic West syndrome, when a cause cannot be determined. Important diagnostic criteria are:

Regular development until the onset of the attacks or before the beginning of the therapy no pathological findings in neurological or neuroradiological studies no evidence of a trigger for the spasms

Those are becoming rare due to modern medicine.

Clinical presentation

The epileptic seizures which can be observed in infants with West syndrome fall into three categories, collectively known as infantile spasms. Typically, the following triad of attack types appears; while the three types usually appear simultaneously, they also can occur independently of each other:

Lightning attacks: Sudden, severe myoclonic convulsions of the entire body or several parts of the body in split seconds, and the legs in particular are bent (flexor muscle convulsions here are generally more severe than extensor ones).

Nodding attacks: Convulsions of the throat and neck flexor muscles, during which the chin is fitfully jerked towards the breast or the head is drawn inward.

Salaam or jackknife attacks: a flexor spasm with rapid bending of the head and torso forward and simultaneous raising and bending of the arms while partially drawing the hands together in front of the chest and/or flailing. If one imagined this act in slow motion, it would appear similar to the oriental ceremonial greeting (Salaam), from which this type of attack derives its name.

Paige was first put on Vigabatrin which she outgrew a month later. She was admitted again into Kingston General Hospital to begin a treatment called ACTH.

Therapy

Compared with other forms of epilepsy, West syndrome is difficult to treat. To raise the chance of successful treatment and keep down the risk of longer-lasting effects, it is very important that the condition is diagnosed as early as possible and that treatment begins straight away. However, there is no guarantee that therapy will work even in this case.

Insufficient research has yet been carried out into whether the form of treatment has an effect upon the long-term prognosis. Based on what is known today, the prognosis depends mainly on the cause of the attacks and the length of time that hypsarrhythmia lasts. In general it can be said that the prognosis is worse when the patient does not react as well to therapy and the epileptic over-activity in the brain continues. Treatment differs in each individual case and depends on the cause of the West syndrome (etiological classification) and the state of brain development at the time of the damage.

Due to their side-effects, two drugs are currently being used as the first-line treatment: ACTH and Vigabatrin.
[edit] ACTH

ACTH – Use primarily in United States
Side effects are: Weight gain, especially in the trunk and face, hypertension, metabolic abnormalities, severe irritability, osteoporosis, sepsis, and congestive heart failure.

[edit] Vigabatrin

Vigabatrin (Sabril) – Approved in several countries, including most of Europe, Canada, Mexico, and more recently the United States.
Side effects are: Somnolence, headache, dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, decreased vision or other vision changes

Vigabatrin is known for being effective, especially in children with tuberous sclerosis, with few and benign side effects. But due to some recent studies[4] showing visual field constriction (loss of peripheral vision), it was not approved in the United States until mid-2009. It is currently debated that a short use (6 months or less) of Vigabatrin will not affect vision. Also, considering the effect of frequent seizures on day to day life and mental development, some parents prefer to take the risk of some vision loss.

Other

When those two are proving ineffective, other drugs may be used in conjunction or alone. From those, corticosteroids (prednisone) are often used. In Japan, there is a good experience with pyridoxine therapy. Further, topiramate (Topamax), lamotrigine (Lamictal), levetiracetam (Keppra) and zonisamide (Zonegran) are amongst those drugs most widely used.

The ketogenic diet has been shown to be effective in treating infantile spams,[5] up to 70% of children having a 50% or more reduction in seizure.

You can read more on Infantile Spasms by going to : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_syndrome

You can also view my youtube channel:
www.youtube.com/user/Shaeree624

I have uploaded videos for those who wonder what the Syndrome is and looks like.

I posted pictures of my beautiful baby girl because people need to understand being chubby or overweight may not always be caused by overfeeding. My daughters was caused by the ACTH treatment which is a steroid.

Ginkgo Biloba

Synonym:

Fossil Tree, Kew Tree, Maidenhair Tree, Salisburia adiantifolia.

Description:

The whole or fragment dried leaf of Ginkgo biloba containing not less than 0.5% of Flavonoids, calculated as Flavones’ glycosides with reference to the dried drug. The leaf is grayish or yellowish-green or yellowish-brown.

The dried leaf of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae). Protect from light and moisture.

Ginkgolids:

Ginkgolids A, B, and C are isolated from Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae).

INDICATION and USES:

An extract from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba has been used in cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular. It is also being investigated in Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia. Ginkgo biloba is used in homoeopathic medicine.

Ginkgolids are terpenoid molecules isolated from Ginkgo biloba, with platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist properties. They have been investigated a mixture of Ginkgolids A, B, and C, for asthma and other inflammatory and allergic disorders, and also in immune disorders such as endotoxic shock and graft rejection; Ginkgolids B, which has the most potent PAF antagonist properties, has been investigated in similar conditions administered alone.

Ginkgo biloba extracts have been tried in the treatment of dementia including Alzheimer’s disease . The efficacy of ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease, has been established in many research work.

Effect of a Ginkgolides mixture in antagonizing skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man has been established.

Adverse effects:

Side effects occurs in case when extract is taken two times more than therapeutic doses. It includes headaches, dizziness, palpitations, gastrointestinal disturbances, bleeding disorders, and skin hyper-sensitivity reactions.

Dementia is loss of cognitive ability in a person either due to global brain injury or some disease that results in memory loss. If it occurs before the age of 65 then it is known as early onset dementia. The word dementia comes from a Latin word meaning madness. It can be considered as a non-specific illness syndrome where the areas of brain concerned with memory, language, attention and problem solving are severely affected. About six months are required for the disease to be diagnosed and in later stages the affected persons may become disoriented in time. Dementia is treatable up to a certain degree but as the disease advance the symptoms become incurable. The symptoms of the disease may or may not be reversible and it depends upon the etiology of the disease.

The possibility of complete freedom from the symptoms of dementia is less than 10%. Dementia can be confused with the short-term syndrome delirium if careful assessment of the patient’s history is not done as the symptoms are somewhat similar. Depression and psychosis can be used for differentiating dementia and delirium. Many types of dementia are known that differing slightly in their symptoms. The symptoms of different types may overlap, so diagnosis is done by nuclear brain scanning techniques. Most common types of dementia include Alzheimer’s disease, vascular and frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. A person may suffer from one or more types of dementia simultaneously at a time.

Kinds

Dementia is of different types and the classification is mainly based on the intensity of symptoms whether they can be reversed or areas of brain affected.

1. Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia frequently seen in the age group of 65 years or above. Reports suggest that about 4 million people in the United States are suffering from this disease. About 360,000 new cases of Alzheimer’s disease are reported every year and 50,000 Americans die annually. In majority of the individuals the symptoms appear after the age of 60 but the early onset of symptoms is linked to genes. The disease causes a gradual decline in the cognitive ability of an individual within 7-10 years and nearly all brain functions associated with memory, movement, language, judgment, behavior and abstract thinking are badly affected. Two chief abnormalities of brain are typically associated with Alzheimer’s disease namely, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid plaques are unusual clumps of protein (beta amyloid) containing degenerating bits of neurons and other cells that are present in the tissues between the nerve cells. Neurofibrillary tangles are bundles of twisted filaments present within the neurons and are chiefly made up of a protein known as tau. In healthy neurons tau protein helps in the functioning of microtubules but in this disease they twist to form helical filaments that join in the form of tangles resulting in disintegration of microtubules.

Early symptoms of the disease are identified by memory impairment, subtle changes in personality and judgment inabilities. As the disease progresses, symptoms associated with memory and language become worse and the individual finds difficulty in performing daily activities. Individuals may often suffer from visuo-spatial problems like difficulty in navigating an unfamiliar route, may become disoriented about time and places, even suffer from delusions may become short tempered and hostile. In late stages the person loses his control over motor functions and may feel difficulty in swallowing, lose bowel and bladder control. They also lose ability to recognize family members. Person’s emotions and behavior get affected in later stages and he may also develop symptoms of aggression, agitation, depression and delusions. A person survives for 8-10 years after the disease diagnosis but some may live for about 20 years or more. Individuals may often die due to aspiration pneumonia as they lose the ability to swallow food.

2. Vascular dementia

Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. It is resultant of brain damage by cerebrovascular or cardiovascular problems and accounts for 20% of all types of dementias. Genetic diseases, endocarditis and amyloid angiopathy also play an important role. It is also known to co-exist with Alzheimer’s disease whose incidence increases with advancing age and affects both men and women equal in proportion. Symptoms usually appear suddenly after a stroke. Patients may have history of high blood pressure, vascular disease or heart attacks. In some cases the symptoms recover with time. Vascular dementia is known to affect mid-brain regions so brings changes in cognitive ability of a person. Individuals may often suffer from depression and incontinence.

Several types of vascular dementia are known that differ from each other on account of their causes and symptoms for example, multi-infarct dementia (MID) are caused by presence of numerous small strokes in the brain. This type also includes multiple damaged brain areas and lesions in the white matter, nerves of brain. As multi-infarct dementia affects only isolated areas of brain only one or few specific functions of body are affected. Possibilities of dementia are increased if left side of brain or hippocampus is damaged. Another type of dementia is Binswanger’s disease, a rare disease where blood vessels of white matter are damaged so memory loss, brain lesions, disordered cognition and mood changes are noticed. Patients may often show symptoms of high blood pressure, stroke, blood abnormalities, and disease of large blood vessels of neck and heart valves. Other important symptoms include urinary incontinence, difficulty in walking, clumsiness, slowness, lack of facial expression and speech difficulty. The symptoms usually arise after the age of 60 and the treatment includes medications to control high or blood pressure and depression.

Other type of dementia can be coupled with a rare hereditary disorder known as CADASIL which stands for cerebral autosomal dominant ateriopathy with subcortical infarct and leukoencephalopathy. This disorder is linked to abnormalities of a specific gene, Notch3 located on chromosome 19. The first symptoms arise at the age of 20 or 35 or 40 and the individuals often die at the age of 65. Researchers are still working to find out the exact cause of CADASIL. Other causes of vascular dementia include vasculitis, hypertension and lesions caused due to brain hemorrhage. An autoimmune disease, lupus erythematosus and inflammatory disease temporal arteritis can also damage blood vessels resulting in dementia.

3. Lewy body dementia (LBD)

Lewy body dementia (LBD) is one of the most common types of progressive dementia sporadically occurring in individuals with no known familial history of the disease. The cells of brain’s cortex and substantia nigra die while the remaining cells of substantia nigra contain abnormal structures known as Lewy bodies that are the hallmark of this disease. Lewy bodies may also invade the cortex and are made up of a protein (alpha-synuclein) associated with Parkinson’s disease and other disorders. Researchers fail to give satisfactory answer about the accumulation of this protein in the nerve cells.

The symptoms of this form of dementia may overlap with symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in many ways and include memory impairment, confusion and judgment inability. The typical symptoms include hallucinations, shuffling gait, flexed posture. The individuals may live for 7 years after disease diagnosis. In the present scenario this form of dementia lacks any cure and the treatments include controlling parkinsonian’s and psychiatric symptoms of the disease. Studies have shown that some neuroleptic drugs like clozapine and olanzapine give positive results against psychiatric symptoms but may cause side effects. The brains of persons suffering from Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease frequently contain Lewy bodies.

4. Fronto-temporal dementia (FTD)

Fronto-temporal dementia is also known as frontal lobe dementia and is characterized by the degeneration of the nerve cells of the frontal and temporal lobes of brain. This disorder however lacks amyloid plaques but neurofibrillary tangles are present that disrupt normal activities of cells resulting in their death. Experts believe that fronto-temporal dementia accounts for about 2-10% of all cases of dementia. The symptoms usually appear between the ages of 40 and 65. In some cases, people have a familial history of the disease and in such case genetic factor strongly influences the disease. People with this disorder may live up to 5-10 years after the diagnosis of disease. The frontal and temporal lobes of brain are concerned with judgment and social behavior but in this disorder as the nerve cells are destroyed so the individual finds it difficult to make decisions as well as maintain social communication. Other possible symptoms include loss of speech and language, repetitive behavior, increased appetite and motor problems like stiffness and balance problems. Memory loss occurs in later stages of the disease.

Pick’s disease is one type of fronto-temporal dementia characterized by abnormal and swollen nerve cells that later die. The brains of individuals suffering from this disorder show presence of abnormal Pick bodies which contain tau protein. Exact cause of Pick’s disease is unknown but it is believed that some genes may be associated with it. The symptoms usually arise at the age of 50 and bring changes in personality and behavior that worsen with time. The symptoms are however similar with Alzheimer’s disease but may include inappropriate social behavior, loss of mental flexibility, language problems and difficulty in thinking and concentration. Although no

Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze Anno Accademico 2009/2010 Corso di: Tecniche audiovisive per il web (50h) Prof. Giancarlo Torri Cortometraggio

Recognized signs of senile dementia include difficult memories, procedural issues, motor problems and changes in mood and behavior. Identify the signs of senile dementia withtips from a licensed psychologist in this free video on self-help. Expert: Dr. Art Bowler Contact: www.drartbowler.com Bio: Dr. Art Bowler is a licensed psychologist with a boutique practice in New York City. Filmmaker: Paul Muller
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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An elderly mother called her son at midnight sobbing because of not finding her coat. The son rushed to comfort his mother just find out that her coat is inside the refrigerator. This funny to some but to the relatives who are experiencing this predicament, it is not a laughing matter. However, the need to know what is wrong with the mother should be understood, is this already Alzheimer’s or dementia? The difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia may be confusing to understand.

Dementia is a memory loss that is attributed to many clinical conditions. Dementia is one of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. It is characterized by a decrease of the level of mental and intellectual functioning of a person. Dementia can also occur in acute alcoholism, as a result of stroke.

Dementia most often diagnosed in the elderly population, with an onset of age 65. Actual brain scan will show physical difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia. Alzheimer’s disease reveals specific plaque and tangles in the brain autopsy that gives it a distinction from dementia. The main difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia is the fact that several types of dementia can be cured. Once the underlying condition that caused dementia is treated, the memory loss will eventually go back. Compare it with Alzheimer’s disease which has no cure and can progress to death. Alzheimer’s disease has an early onset with an age as young as 30 years old. It is degenerative disease that affects the brain to remember familiar people and objects. It can even affect a person’s ability to walk, speak, and eat. The end stage of Alzheimer’s is bringing the person back to its infantile state.

The importance to know the difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia is very important so that proper management can be given to the patient. Judging someone with Alzheimer’s disease is not good for the patient as treatment can be an option. If a doctor diagnosed a patient with dementia, it is better to get a second opinion because it is not a diagnosis. Consultation with a geriatrician or a neurologist who is comfortable with elderly would be a good place to begin.

More Difference Between Alzheimers And Dementia Articles

New York, NY (PRWEB) May 14, 2012

The 2012 World Science Festival (http://www.worldsciencefestival.com) today announced an impressive line-up of cutting-edge science programs for its fifth anniversary season, May 30th to June 3rd, 2012 with more than 50 events designed to make the esoteric understandable and the familiar fascinating.

The Festival brings together many of the worlds leading scientific minds along with renowned artists and influential thinkers to illuminate science in novel and exciting ways, breaking down barriers and connecting leading scientists to a broader public.

The five-day festival celebrates science through a wide range of original programming including discourse and debate, the arts, exhibitions, and free events designed for young scientists and their families.

Since its inception, the annual Festival has welcomed more than 600,000 people to 200 programs in locations throughout New York City. It is the nations most anticipated science event and allows everyone kids and adults, novice and enthusiast to experience science in unique and thrilling ways. Highlights of the 2012 Festival include:

The stunning, full orchestral work with animated film and narrator, Icarus at the Edge of Time, which opens the Festival on May 30th at the United Palace Theatre.

Two daylong, free admittance, family-friendly immersive events for budding scientists: Science-On-Site: Explorations in Brooklyn Bridge Park on June 2nd which culminates with an evening of stargazing, and The Ultimate Science Street Fair in Washington Square Park on June 3rd a jam packed, wall-to-wall science extravaganza.

Innovation Square, a new Festival initiative that creates a daylong tech fest in downtown Brooklyn, celebrates innovation by transforming NYU Polys MetroTech outdoor quad into a technophiles playground, teeming with innovations from all over the world.

The World Science Festival was co-founded in 2008 by Brian Greene, Columbia University professor of physics and mathematics and bestselling author of The Elegant Universe and The Hidden Reality, and Tracy Day, Emmy Award-winning journalist and television producer.

SCHEDULE of EVENTS

2012 World Science Festival public events are outlined below, in chronological order. Tickets are on sale now at http://www.worldsciencefestival.com . The site offers complete information about the Festivals program schedule and sign-up for email alerts about new programs, special guests and programming updates.

TUESDAY, MAY 29, 2012

2012 World Science Festival Opening Night Gala Celebration

7:30 p.m., The Allen Room, Frederick P. Rose Hall, Jazz at Lincoln Center

Details of the 2012 Opening Night Gala Celebration will be announced separately.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30, 2012

Icarus at the Edge of Time

7:00 – 8:00 PM, United Palace Theatre; Ticketed

Icarus at the Edge of Time is the story of a courageous boy who challenges the awesome might of a black hole. This stunning, full-orchestral work with animated film and live narrator brings a powerful modern twist to a classic myth, taking audiences on a whirlwind voyage through space and time, to the very edge of understanding. Featuring an original orchestral score by Philip Glass, performed by the Orchestra of St. Lukes, conducted by Brad Lubman, film by Al + Al and narration written by Brian Greene and David Henry Hwang.

Participants: Al + Al (Artists), Philip Glass (Composer), Brian Greene (Physicist, Columbia University), David Henry Hwang (Playwright) with Brad Lubman (Conductor) and the Orchestra of St. Lukes.

THURSDAY, MAY 31, 2012

The 2012 Kavli Prizes

8:00 AM – 10:00 AM; NYU Global Center, Grand Hall; By Invitation Only

Winners of the 2012 prestigious $ 1 million Kavli Prizes will be announced live via satellite from the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo. On-site opening remarks will be given by John Holdren, director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, followed by ABC News anchor Elizabeth Vargas and leading researchers exploring the next wave of opportunities in the Kavli prize areas: Astrophysics, Nanoscience and Neuroscience.

Participants: John Holdren (White House Office of Science and Technology), Angela Belcher (MIT), Thomas Jessell (Columbia University), Claire Max (University of California Santa Cruz). Moderator: Elizabeth Vargas (ABC News).

Cheers to Science! A Drinkable Feast of Beer, Biotechnology and Archaeology

Thu., May 31, 2012

Session One: 5:00 PM – 7:30 PM; Session Two: 7:30 PM 9:00 pm; La Scuola Grande & La Birreria at Eataly; Ticketed

Brewing beer might well be humankinds first biotechnology, representing our first attempt to harness the power of living organisms. Dating back as early as 9000 BC, the craft galvanized the cultivation of barley and wheat, transformed hunter-gatherers into farmers and fueled the building of monumental structures, such as the pyramids, whose workers received five liters of beer per day as compensation. What did those ancient brews taste like? How were they made? Advanced scientific tools and new archaeological finds offer up tantalizing cluesand tasty results. Join biomolecular archaeologist Patrick McGovern and pioneering brewmaster Sam Calagione as they explore ancient ales from around the world and retrace their journey to Italy to reconstruct an Etruscan fermented beverage circa 800 to 700 BC. This rare brew features an exotic combination of ingredients: hazelnuts, pomegranates, grapes, wild flower honey, frankincense, barley, wheat, and even a few hops. Following the talk and tasting, head up to Eatalys rooftop brewery, La Birreria, to sample a first-run batch of this prehistoric ale before fermentation. Its a sensational evening of artisanal snacks, Dogfish Head Ancient Ales and fascinating science.

Participants: Sam Calagione (Brewer), Patrick E. McGovern (Biomolecular Archaeology Laboratory for Cuisine, Fermented Beverages and Health at the University of Pennsylvania Museum).

Artist as Innovator: Visions of a Floating Metropolis

6:00 PM 7:30 PM; Metropolitan Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium; Ticketed

Great artists shape new realities by challenging conventional worldviews and pushing society to see possibility in unlikely places. That idea springs to life on top of the Metropolitan Art Museum, where Argentinian-born artist Tom

Lewy Body Dementia: Causes, Tests and Treatment Options

In “Lewy Body Dementia: Causes, Tests and Treatment Options,” the authors provide the reader with an abundance of information that is easy to understand and can be applied to the lives of those that are affected by this disease whether they are friends or family. Although there is not a specific test that determines DLB, there is a battery of diagnostics that should be performed to eliminate other disease processes. These include laboratory work, mental assessment, neurological exams, and an electroencephalogram. It is a diagnosis of elimination in that all other possible diseases are ruled out. If you or a loved one are suffering from LBD, this informative book gives you all the information you need to know about causes, tests and treatment options. Also includes a comprehensive LBD glossary and caregiver tips.

List Price: $ 19.83

Price: $ 19.83

Dementia is a serious disorder of the brain. No one is immune to developing this condition. This is why it is important for you to learn as much as you possibly can about early dementia facts. When a person develops this particular medical condition, it has a negative impact on the ability to handle day to day tasks.

This brain disorder is considered to be progressive, meaning that the symptoms that a person experiences advances in one way or another over time. This progression may be either slow or fact. In this guide, you will learn some basic early dementia facts.

Early Dementia Symptoms

There are many symptoms that are associated with early dementia. If you suspect that someone that you know is experiencing this complication, you will want to pay close attention to the degree in which that person functions on a cognitive level.

Observe the mental based process of the individual. Do they seem to have issues with thinking? Do they reason in unusual ways? The following represents the most common early dementia symptoms:

• Many individuals will have a difficult time learning new information. • The sufferer may start to forget quickly. • The problem solving skills of the person with early dementia are typically impacted in a negative fashion. • Many will have a challenging time speaking and using language in general. In some cases, the person may have an issue with understanding what is being conveyed to them. • Most will exhibit changes are far as their personality and mood is concerned.

Causes

Medical professionals are yet to reach a conclusion on one specific cause of early dementia. However, there are many different theories floating around out there. The first theory is that memory loss and the degradation of the mental skills are common issues associated with the natural aging process.

There are others that believe that a person has a genetic based predisposition when it comes to the onset of dementia. Regardless of the cause of the condition, it is important to learn how to properly identify it. This will allow immediate treatment of early dementia to slow the progression of the condition.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that aims to teach a person new skills on how to solve problems concerning dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic approach. This title is used in many ways to differentiate behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and therapy that is based on both behavioral and cognitive therapies. There is empirical evidence that shows that cognitive behavioral therapy is quite effective in treating several conditions, including personality, anxiety, mood, eating, substance abuse, and psychotic disorders. Treatment is often manualized, as specific psychological orders are treated with specific technique-driven brief, direct, and time-limited treatments.

Cognitive behavioral therapy can be used both with individuals and in groups. The techniques are often adapted for self-help sessions as well. It is up to the individual clinician or researcher on whether he/she is more cognitive oriented, more behavioral oriented, or a combination of both, as all three methods are used today. Cognitive behavioral therapy was born out of a combination of behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. These two therapies have many differences, but found common ground on focusing on the “here and now” and on alleviating symptoms.

Evaluating cognitive behavioral therapy has led to many believing that it is more effective over psychodynamic treatments and other methods. The United Kingdom advocates the use of cognitive behavioral therapy over other methods for many mental health difficulties, including post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, clinical depression, and the neurological condition chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. The precursors of cognitive behavioral therapy base their roots in various ancient philosophical traditions, especially Stoicism. The modern roots of CBT can be traced to the development of behavioral therapy in the 1920s, the development of cognitive therapy in the 1960s, and the subsequent merging of the two therapies. The first behavioral therapeutic approaches were published in 1924 by Mary Cover Jones, whose work dealt with the unlearning of fears in children.

The early behavioral approaches worked well with many of the neurotic disorders, but not so much with depression. Behavioral therapy was also losing in popularity due to the “cognitive revolution.” This eventually led to cognitive therapy being founded by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. The first form of cognitive behavioral therapy was developed by Arnold A. Lazarus during the time period of the late 1950s through the 1970s. During the 1980s and 1990s, cognitive and behavioral therapies were combined by work done by David M. Clark in the United Kingdom and David H. Barlow in the United States. Cognitive behavioral therapy includes the following systems: cognitive therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, and multimodal therapy. One of the greatest challenges is defining exactly what a cognitive-behavioral therapy is. The particular therapeutic techniques vary within the different approaches of CBT depending upon what kind of problem issues are being dealt with, but the techniques usually center around the following:

Keeping a diary of significant events and associated feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Questioning and testing cognitions, evaluations, assumptions, and beliefs that might be unrealistic and unhelpful.
Gradually facing activities that may have been avoided.
Trying out new ways of behaving and reacting.

In addition, distraction techniques, mindfulness, and relaxation are also commonly used in cognitive behavioral therapy. Mood-stabilizing medications are also often combined with therapies to treat conditions like bipolar disorder. The NICE guidelines within the British NHS recognize cognitive behavioral therapy’s application in treating schizophrenia in combination with medication and therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy usually takes time for patients to effectively implement it into their lives. It usually takes concentrated effort for them to replace a dysfunctional cognitive-affective-behavioral process or habit with a more reasonable and adaptive one, even when they recognize when and where their mental processes go awry. Cognitive behavioral therapy is applied to many different situations, including the following conditions:

Anxiety disorders (obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia or social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder)
Mood disorders (clinical depression, major depressive disorder, psychiatric symptoms)
Insomnia (including being more effective than the drug Zopiclone)
Severe mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression)
Children and adolescents (major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms)
Stuttering (to help them overcome anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and negative thoughts about themselves)

Cognitive behavioral therapy involves teaching a person new skills to overcome dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic approach. There is empirical evidence showing that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in treating many conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, and negative thoughts about oneself). With the vast amount of success shown by the use of this therapy, it is one of the most important tools that researchers and therapists have to treat mental disorders today.

University of Utah USTAR professor of pediatrics, Julie Korenberg, MD, Ph.D., uses genetics, imaging, and molecular-based methods to understand how social circuits are affected in cognitive disorders, such as Down syndrome and Williams syndrome.
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